ESSENTIAL PARTS OF A TRANSFORMER OIL PURIFICATION SYSTEM

Essential Parts of a Transformer Oil Purification System

Essential Parts of a Transformer Oil Purification System

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Transformer oil, a specialized dielectric fluid, plays a crucial role in the operation of electrical power systems. It acts as an insulator, coolant, and arc quencher. Over time, this oil can become contaminated with various impurities, such as water, gases, and solid particles, which can degrade its performance. Transformer oil purifiers are designed to remove these contaminants, restoring the oil to its original condition and ensuring the optimal operation of the transformer.

The Components of a Transformer Oil Purifier


A typical transformer oil purifier consists of several key components, each with a specific function:

Vacuum System:

  1. Vacuum pump:Creates a vacuum within the purifier, lowering the boiling point of water and other volatile contaminants.

  2. Vacuum chamber:The oil is placed in a sealed chamber where the vacuum is applied.

  3. Condenser:Cools the vaporized contaminants, causing them to condense and be collected.


Filtration System:

  1. Pre-filters:Remove large particles and debris from the oil.

  2. Fine filters:Capture smaller particles and impurities.

  3. Membrane filters:Used for ultra-fine filtration, removing submicron particles.


Heating System:

  1. Heaters: Heat the oil to reduce its viscosity and improve the removal of contaminants.

  2. Temperature controls:Maintain the oil at a specific temperature to optimize the purification process.


Degasification System:

  1. Degasifier:Removes dissolved gases from the oil, such as oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen.


Absorption System:

  1. Absorbents:Use materials like silica gel or activated alumina to remove polar contaminants, such as water and acids.


Control System:

  1. PLC or microcontroller:Controls the operation of the purifier, including vacuum levels, temperature, flow rates, and filtration cycles.

  2. Sensors:Monitor various parameters, such as oil temperature, pressure, and flow rate.

  3. HMI (Human-Machine Interface):Provides a user interface for monitoring and controlling the purifier.


How a Transformer Oil Purifier Works


The purification process typically involves the following steps:

  1. Pre-filtration:The contaminated oil is pumped into the purifier and passed through pre-filters to remove large particles.

  2. Heating:The oil is heated to reduce its viscosity and improve the removal of contaminants.

  3. Vacuum:A vacuum is applied to the oil, causing water and other volatile contaminants to vaporize and be removed.

  4. Filtration:The oil is passed through fine filters to remove solid particles.

  5. Absorption:The oil is passed through a bed of absorbent material to remove polar contaminants.

  6. Degasification: Dissolved gases are removed from the oil.

  7. Cooling:The purified oil is cooled and returned to the transformer.


Benefits of Transformer Oil Purification


Regular oil purification offers several benefits, including:

  1. Extended transformer life

  2. Improved reliability

  3. Increased efficiency

  4. Compliance with industry standards

  5. Reduced maintenance costs


By maintaining clean transformer oil, utilities and industrial facilities can ensure the optimal performance and longevity of their electrical equipment.

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